Next.js Comparison

VPS (vite-plugin-ssr) differs from Next.js in three fundamental ways:

1. VPS is UI Framework agnostic.

   VPS is completely agnostic to React and its source code has zero dependency on React. You can actually use VPS with any other UI Framework (Vue, Preact, Solid, etc.).

   With VPS, you implement and fully control the React integration, which has many benefits. For example, you can use Relay in the same way that Facebook does (with a render-as-you-fetch stream) which isn't possible with Next.js.

2. VPS is server and deployment agnostic.

   With VPS, you keep full control over your server and you can use any deployment strategy.

3. VPS is full-fledged yet minimal.

   All dependencies are either shared with Vite (e.g. fast-glob) or fully/transitively owned (e.g. @brillout/json-serializer). Adding VPS to your Vite app doesn't add any frivolous dependency.

   We believe VPS hits the sweet spot of being a full-fledged frontend tool while avoiding unnecessary bells and whistles.

Beyond these structural differences, VPS introduces features such as blazing fast HMR (powered by Vite), first-class SPA support (especially with the upcoming new VPS design), Domain-driven File Structure, state-of-the-art Code Splitting (powered by Vite/Rollup), Automatic Deployment Synchronization, Build Your Own Framework, etc.

Turbopack replicates some of Vite's blazing fast DX techniques, but it's still in its infancy and it'll take a while until Turbopack is production-ready. With Vite, you can use lightning fast DX today.

Finally, VPS is a community project: instead of leaning on a framework with business interests that are fundamentally at odds with yours, use a community-driven project that is sponsored by and made for the community.

UI Framework agnostic

With VPS, you integrate React yourself. This means you need to write a little bit more boilerplate but, in exchange, you get a lot more flexibility.

Because you integrate React yourself, you have full control over the frontend integration of your favorite tools (data fetching, state management, authentication, etc.).

For example, you can use Relay and Apollo in ways that aren't possible with Next.js.

Relay is a state-of-the-art GraphQL client developed and used at scale by Facebook (which invented GraphQL). The YouTube video "Re-introducing Relay" explains in details the benefits of Relay.

Many users and sponsors leverage VPS's flexibility to integrate Relay with SSR Streaming.

Except of React, VPS includes everything you'd expect from a frontend framework: Client-side Routing, HMR, Filesystem Routing, Pre-rendering, Data Fetching, Code Splitting, Layouts, i18n, etc.

Server/deployment agnostic

From a server persepctive, VPS is just a middleware that can run anywhere (AWS, Vercel, Cloudflare, Deno Deploy, etc.).

To integrate VPS, you simply add VPS's middleware to your server (Express.js, Fastify, Edge Worker, Serverless Function, etc.).

With VPS, you have full control over your server and deployment, one of the most critical aspect of your architecture.

Manual integrations

As depicted above, VPS's philosophy is that you integrate tools manually instead of being locked into decisions made by your framework. Use any tool you want, however you want.

All-in-all, VPS is less easy, but simpler. For large scale projects, simplicity is fundamentally more important than being "easy".

Last but not least, manual integration is fun and insightful. (Whereas fighting a framework is pesky.)

Build your own framework

VPS is designed from the ground up to enable users to build frameworks on top of VPS.

You can build your own Next.js with only hundreds of lines of code.

While there are many uses cases for building your own framework, the most prominent one is building company internal frameworks.

We foster the proliferation of React frameworks, highly-tailored to specific use cases.

User feedback

From @Axxxx0n:

1. Blazing fast development speed powered by Vite (on-demand transpiling, native ESM).
2. Next.js has to have many examples and a whole plethora of libraries are existing just to integrate some library with Next.js because it's not trivial (for example next-i18next). With VPS, you just read the documentation of the library you want to integrate and you're good to go.
3. When new React features arrive you can start to use it right away and don't have to wait for the Next.js team to integrate it. (Streaming API, server components, suspense on server, partial hydration, etc.)
4. Next.js can't read files in /public directory after it was built, i.e. user uploaded images.
5. With getServerSideProps(), Next.js blocks client-side rendering.
6. You cannot bypass data fetching on client-side navigation (Next.js - #23921) while with VPS you're flexible and can choose what you want.
7. Next.js is really pushing the Vercel platform and is starting to show in recent feature updates. Features that align with this are getting priority while important fixes are delayed.
8. Next.js is leaning on serverless and complicates usage when you don't want it.

Detailed comparison table

From @patryk-smc and @redbar0n:

	VPS	Next.js
UI Framework	Any (React, Preact, Solid, etc.)	React only
Code-splitting and bundling	Yes	Yes
HMR	Yes, fast	Yes, slow
SPA	Yes	Limited
SSR
Control	Full control	Limited / Black box
Renderers	Yes, create as many you need	Just one (_app.ts file)
RSC (React Server Components)	Work in progress	Yes, experimental
Routing
Filesystem Routing	Yes	Yes
Domain-driven Filesystem Routing	Yes	No
Client Routing	Yes	Yes
Server Routing	Yes	No
Base URL	Yes	Limited
Integrations
HTTP server	No*, bring your own	Baked-in, custom server partially supported with caveats[1][2]
Apollo Client with SSR	Fully supported	Partially supported
Relay with SSR	Fully supported	Partially supported
Extras
Head component	No*, use a tool like react-helmet.	Yes, next/head
Image component	No*, use a Vite plugin like: vite-imagetools vite-plugin-image-presets See awesome-vite.	Yes, next/image
API routes	No*, use your server or an RPC tool.	Yes
Internationalization (i18n)	Yes	Limited
Deployment synchronization	Yes	No
Build your own framework	Yes	No
Deployment options
Vercel	Yes, minimal config	Yes, zero config
Cloudflare Workers	Yes, minimal config	No, work in progress
Node server (Docker, Heroku, Digital Ocean etc.)	Yes, minimal config	Yes, but limited

(*) VPS doesn't ship those extras by design.